Korean-English Dictionary

Chinese characters (Hanja)

And their use in Korean.

—one, the number 1, first

—seven, number 7, seventh

—elder; man of respect; husband; head of a family

—three, number 3, third

—up; top; first; best

—below, under, to descend, to go down

—world; generation; lifetime

—to pierce through

—unit, individual, single

—center, middle, inside

—to grasp, to hold, to seize

—o string together, to pierce through, a skewer, a series or chain of things

—an ancient punctuation mark

—a small round object; pellet; ball; pill

—king; lord, master, sovereign

—diagonal stroke, slanting stroke

—thus; then; only; surprisingly

—to go, proceed, advance

—to ride; to mount; to board; to take advantage of

—to govern; to administer; to hold authority or manage affairs

—The second of the ten heavenly stems (天干 (tiāngān))

—nine, number 9, ninth

—milk; to nurse, to breastfeed

—to dry, to wither, to parch; heaven, sky (as in the Eight Trigrams, 乾卦)

—to be disordered, chaotic, in turmoil

—a backward hook

—to finish; to complete; to understand

—I, me (1st-person singular pronoun; classical); to give; to grant; to bestow

—affair, matter; work

—two, the number 2, second

—at, in, to, from, than

—mutual, each other, to exchange

—five, number 5, fifth

—second, next, inferior, subordinate

—urgent; rapid; frequent; repeatedly; to strive or act with haste

—pig-year head; top of the character 亥

—to perish, to be lost, to die, to flee

—to be high, lofty, elevated

—to associate, to meet, to make friends; to intersect, to exchange, to cross

—also, too, likewise; moreover, in addition

—to enjoy; to partake of; to receive benefits

—capital city

—sincere; truthful

—human, person

—benevolence, kindness, humaneness

—now, the present; this moment; today

—to be between, to insert, mediate

—detailed, attentive; offspring; young animal; small or tender being

—to serve; to attend; to work in an office; an official

—another, other, someone else

—to hand over, to deliver, to entrust, to pay

—to substitute, to replace; era; generation

—to cause, to make; to command, to order

—to use, employ; by means of, through, with (prepositional use); because of, due to (reason)

—to look up, to admire, to revere

—item; matter; case

—to entrust, to assign responsibility; to bear a duty

—to plan; to strive for, to stand on tiptoe; to hope/aspire

—he, she, that

—to lie prostrate; to submit; to conceal

—to strike; to cut down; to attack; to conquer

—to rest; to cease; to repose; to retire

—eldest, senior; chief, leader, master; an honorific title for elder men

—to stretch; to extend; to unfold

—to resemble, to be like

—temple, monastery

—only; merely; but; however

—status, place, position

—low, to be low; lower than

—to live, to reside, to dwell

—how, what, which

—to be at ease; to be relaxed; to lose

—Buddha; Buddhism

—to make, to build, to create; composition

—to cause, to order; to use, to employ

—to come, to arrive; future, afterward

—extravagant; luxurious; wasteful; arrogant

—law, rule, regulation; example, instance; precedent, model

—to serve, to attend

—to offer; to supply; to provide; to serve

—to rely on, to depend on; to lean on

—to despise; to insult

—to invade, infringe, encroach upon, or intrude; to erode or gradually affect

—companion; partner; mate; friend

—convenient, comfortable; excrement

—to tie, to be tied, to connect; to relate

—to urge, hasten

—custom, common, vulgar

—to protect, preserve, keep

—to trust, to believe, to be true

—to repair, to revise, to cultivate; to build, to refine

—together, all, without exception

—actor; performer; entertainer

—official salary; stipend

—to combine; to merge; to unite; to join together

—granary; storehouse; warehouse

—individual, single unit

—double, multiple

—to fall, to collapse, to topple over

—climate, season; sign, symptom; to wait, to watch for

—to borrow; to lend; to make use of; to rely upon; to pretext

—to imitate; to copy

—value, worth, price

—morality, humanity, ethics

—Japan; the ancient name “Wa”; the Japanese people; submissive or small

—name of the historical confederation Gaya (伽倻)

—false, fake; temporary; to borrow

—to lean, incline; to be biased, partial

—to stop, halt; to stay, remain; to cease, suspend; to rest, pause

—strong, vigorous, healthy

—side; flank; beside; leaning

—to spy out, to scout, to investigate

—companion, pair, partner; puppet, idol

—to prepare, to provide, to be equipped

—to urge, to press, to hasten, to prompt

—to hire; to work for wages

—proud; arrogant; haughty; unyielding; dignified

—to transmit, to convey, to pass on

—debt, financial obligation

—to wound, to injure, to hurt; injury, damage, sorrow

—to lean; to tilt; to incline

—picture; image; appearance; figure; shape

—false; deceitful; to pretend; to counterfeit; to feign

—a Buddhist monk; a member of the Buddhist clergy

—price, value, worth

—bearing, demeanor, conduct; rule, law, ceremony, etiquette

—a hundred million, 100.000.000, hundred-millionth

—scholar; learned man; Confucian

—abundant, excellent, superior, gentle; actor

—a virtuous/good person

—first, beginning, origin; chief

—elder brother, senior male relative

—a trillion; omen, sign, portent

—first, foremost; before, earlier

—light, radiance, brilliance

—to overcome; to triumph; to win

—to avoid; to escape; to be exempt

—child, infant

—to enter, to let in, to put in

—inside; inner; within

—whole, complete, entire

—two, a pair; both

—eight, the number 8, the eighth in order

—fair; impartial; public; official; common

—six, number 6, sixth

—together, shared; common

—soldier; army; weapon; warfare

—that; those; his, her, its; it (pronoun)

—to equip, to furnish, to provide; to possess, to have; tools, implements, equipment; complete, whole

—law; canon; code; precedent; rule

—to combine, to unite, to include

—city outskirts, suburbs

—to go forward, to advance slowly; gradually

—book; volume; record; document

—again, once more

—to put together, to arrange, to construct

—to cover, to conceal

—crown; cap; to crown; foremost

—ice, oil; to congeal/freeze

—winter; the end of the year

—cold, cool, chill

—to extinguish, to vanish; to die out, to disappear

—to allow; to grant; to conform; to be accurate; to be standard

—to freeze; to be cold

—to freeze, coldness

—small table, low bench (안석)

—female phoenix; the yin counterpart of 鳳 (male phoenix)

—to open the mouth, to gape

—ominous; unfortunate; evil; bad; cruel

—convex, protruding, raised

—concave, sunken, hollowed

—to go out, to come forth, to emerge

—a box, case, container

—sword, knife, sharp-edged tool

—to divide, to separate, to apportion

—to cut; to sever; to slice; to stop; to break off

—to carve, to engrave; to publish

—punishment, penalty, sentence; to punish

—to arrange, to line up, to display, to spread out, to list; row, rank, series

—beginning, first, initial

—to judge, to decide, to give a verdict; to divide, to separate

—to separate, to part, to distinguish, to differ

—to benefit, to profit, to be advantageous

—to arrive, to reach, to attain

—to restrain, to control, to regulate

—a written document, certificate

—to stab, pierce, prick

—engrave, carve, cut; harsh, severe

—law, rule, regulation; standard, norm

—lively, brisk, vigorous; to oppose; to offend

—front; before, earlier; ahead; in the future

—to remain; to be left over; surplus; remainder

—secondary; auxiliary unicode: U+526F

—to cut, divide, separate, apportion

—to start, to begin; to wound; to originate; to create

—to draw, to carve, to divide

—severe, intense, extreme; theatrical plays, drama

—sword; knife

—medicine, preparation, to dose

—power, force, strength

—merit, achievement, accomplishment, credit

—to add; to join; to increase

—to help, to assist; to be beneficial, to be of use

—to exert effort, to strive, to labor; to apply force

—to rise suddenly

—brave, courageous

—to move; to act

—to strive; to work hard; to be engaged in

—to win, to prevail, to excel

—to work, to labor, to make effort

—power; force; influence; momentum

—to be diligent, industrious; hardworking

—to encourage; to urge; to exhort; to persuade

—to wrap, to embrace

—to wrap, to enclose, to contain, to include, to undertake

—dagger; spoon

—to become, to transform

—north; to turn one’s back, to flee, to lose

—box, container, case

—small box; casket; case

—to cover, to conceal

—to divide, to distinguish; boundary, district

—ten, the number 10, tenth

—thousand, 1000, one-thousandth

—half, midway, incomplete, or divided into two parts

—low, humble, base; mean, despicable

—to finish, to end; to die; soldier

—to cooperate; to work together; to collaborate

—south; southern

—broad, extensive; learned

—fortune-telling, divination

—to divine, to tell fortunes; to occupy

—divination symbol; hexagram; omen

—military authorization seals; kneeling person

—seal, stamp, mark

—to be in danger, to be precarious

—to drive back, to repel, to decline

—scroll; book; volume; to roll up; to curl

—to drive back, to repel, to decline

—mmediately, promptly

—minister, noble, high-ranking office

—cliff; habitable cave on a cliff, slope

—to govern, to regulate; a small unit

—thick, deep, profound

—hill, plain; source, origin; fundamental, original

—pictograph created based on the shape of surrounding and confining an object to make it one's own.

—to go; to depart; to leave; to pass; to remove

—to participate; to take part; to join; to consult

—again, and, also

—branch, fork, divergence; to cross

—to reach, to extend to, to affect; to touch

—friend, companion; friendship

—to turn back, return; to oppose; to reverse

—to take, to get, to obtain, to choose, to acquire

—to receive, to accept

—to betray, to rebel

—mouth; opening, orifice

—old; ancient

—sentence; phrase; passage; to bend

—only, merely, just, solely

—to call, to summon, to invite

—to be right, proper, permissible, or possible; to approve or allow

—platform, terrace, stand; joy; self

—to take charge of; to oversee; to guard; official duty

—each, every; each one individually

—to combine, to unite, to put together; to gather, to collect

—auspicious; fortunate; lucky

—same, together; collective

—sovereign; monarch; queen; empress

—official; functionary; clerk

—to spit; to spew from the mouth

—to face, to turn toward

—ruler, lord, sovereign

—not; to deny; to block

—to contain; to hold in the mouth; to keep inside; to include

—to inhale, to suck in; to drink, to absorb; to smoke (as in cigarettes)

—I, me; first-person pronoun

—to announce, to inform; to tell, to report; to accuse, to sue (in legal contexts)

—all around, complete, thorough

—to scold, to reproach; to exhale, to blow air

—to call, to cry out, to shout; to exhale, breathe out

—life, fate, destiny

—harmony; peace

—to be sad, sorrowful, pitiable

—goods, product, item; quality, grade, class

—to drink; to exhale or inhale; to open the mouth and laugh

—person, member, personnel; official, office-holder; to add, to increase (archaic sense)

—to cry; to weep; to wail; to lament

—bright; wise; sagacious

—to instigate; to provoke; to incite; to entice

—The Tang dynasty (618–907 CE) of China; to be flustered, embarrassed, confused; to boast, to talk loudly, to brag

—only, solely; to assent, to affirm

—to chant; to sing

—merchant, commerce, trade; to calculate, to assess; the Shang dynasty

—to ask, to inquire, to question

—to open; to begin; to enlighten

—good, virtuous, kind

—to be glad, joyful, happy; to rejoice

—to enlighten; to make understand; to explain

—mourning; funeral ceremony; to lose; to die

—single, alone, one, simple

—to smell; to sniff

—to sigh; to lament; to exclaim with deep feeling or grief

—to vomit, to retch, to throw up

—to ridicule, mock, sneer at

—vessel, container, utensil; instrument, organ; talent

—to blow, spout, or emit (from the mouth)

—strict; severe; solemn; stern

—pouch, bag, sack; (vulgar) testicles

—to surround, enclosure; country; something that surrounds

—to imprison; to confine; to capture; a prisoner

—four, number 4, fourth

—to return, to go back; to turn, to revolve; to reconsider, turn back in thought

—reason, cause, basis

—to be exhausted, tired, sleepy; to be in difficulty, to be distressed

—firm, solid, stubborn

—circle; sphere; enclosure; pen, corral

—country, state; nation

—to surround, to encircle, to enclose

—garden; enclosed yard; orchard

—round, circular, complete, harmonious

—picture, drawing, map, plan; to depict, to scheme, to intend

—round; circular; gathered; group; organization; unity

—to be, to exist; to be present

—earth; ground; land

—equal, even, or uniform; to balance, distribute evenly

—earth, ground, the receptive principle (yin)

—to hang down, to let droop, to lower, to hand down

—site of a house; plot of land; homestead

—model, mold, pattern, template

—dust, dirt, fine particles

—fortress, castle; city

—region; boundary; territory; domain; area

—to hold, to possess, to take on (a responsibility)

—foundation, base, groundwork

—to repay, to recompense; to report, to announce; to inform, to notify

—yard, place, open space

—pagoda; tower; stupa

—to block, to stop up, to close; border, frontier

—border, boundary; situation, condition; region, domain

—to increase; to add; to grow

—to fall, to collapse; to degenerate

—wall, partition, barrier; cliff, steep slope

—to press, to suppress, to weigh down, to overpower

—fortress, rampart, camp

—to collapse, fall apart, destroy; to be ruined, spoiled, or rotten

—scholar; gentleman; soldier

—strong; robust; vigorous

—single, one; undivided; whole

—long life, longevity; lifespan

—to come after, to follow behind, to hesitate

—to walk slowly, slow steps

—evening, dusk; right foot

—outside; surface; exterior

—many, a lot of

—night, evening, darkness

—large, big, great

—large, great, big, excessive

—man; husband

—to divide, to cut apart

—center; middle

—to lose, to miss, to make a mistake

—strange, unusual, uncanny; occult

—to receive respectfully; to offer; to present

—to report, to petition; to present or offer respectfully

—to make a bond, to contract; to carve

—to cover; to wrap; to encase; to put over

—to be extravagant; luxurious; excessive

—female, woman; daughter

—Rare and archaic Chinese character

—slave; servant; bondman

—good, favorable, pleasant; to like, to be fond of

—to resemble; to be like; as if; such as

—queen; consort; wife; lady of rank

—pregnancy, conception

—subtle, exquisite, wonderful, marvelous

—proper; appropriate; fitting

—to envy, to be jealous

—younger sister, female sibling

—elder sister, older female sibling

—at first, for the first time, beginning, formerly

—mother-in-law

—surname, family name, clan name

—to conceive; to be pregnant

—adultery, fornication, illicit sexual relations

—marriage, matrimony; related through marriage

—appearance, figure, grace, bearing

—authority, dignity, majesty

—graceful, elegant, beautiful

—to conceive, to be pregnant

—to marry (of a man), to take a wife; to take in marriage, to receive in the household

—to marry, marriage, wedding

—married woman; lady; wife; daughter-in-law

—husband’s family

—to marry (of a woman), to go to the husband’s home; to give a daughter in marriage

—to hate, to resent, to be jealous of

—to dislike, to detest, to avoid, to shun

—young lady, miss, maiden

—son; child, baby; male; person; you (second-person pronoun); fruit, seed

—hole, opening, aperture

—character; letter; name

—to exist, to be present; to remain

—filial piety

—season (esp. last of a cycle, e.g., winter as the last season); the end, final stage; youngest child, youngest sibling

—lonely, solitary, orphan

—grandchild, descendant, offspring

—who, which, what

—to study, to learn; learning, teaching

—house, residence, dwelling

—house; roof; the universe, spatial expanse

—to guard, to defend, to protect; to keep, to observe

—peaceful, calm, secure; safe, at ease

—complete, whole, perfect; to finish, to bring to an end

—ancestral hall, lineage, clan

—government position, official, bureaucrat

—space, universe; infinite time

—to decide; to settle; to determine

—to be fitting; to be appropriate; to be proper

—guest, visitor

—to announce, proclaim, declare; to spread, to make known

—house, room, chamber

—palace, royal residence; temple, shrine; large house, mansion

—to harm, to injure, to damage, to be detrimental

—home; family; household

—appearance; to contain; to accept

—to lodge, to stay overnight, to sleep

—to send, to post, to mail; to entrust

—dense, close, secret, hidden

—wealthy, rich, abundant; to be prosperous, plentiful, sufficient

—cold, chilly

—to examine, to observe carefully, to investigate

—few; scarce; lacking; widow; lonely

—reality; truth; fact

—to examine, to investigate, to scrutinize; careful, detailed

—to write; to copy; to describe

—to be generous, broad, lenient; wide, spacious

—treasure, precious object; jade seal, valuables

—joint; inch (a unit of measurement); small/little; degree of kinship

—temple; monastery; Buddhist sanctuary; government office

—to seal, to close, to block, to confer a title or territory

—to spread, to extend, to unfold

—to shoot; to emit; to hit

—general, commander, to lead; soon, about to, in the future; to bring, to take along

—solely, exclusively, only; to focus on one thing; to monopolize

—official; officer; to comfort; to pacify

—to honor, to respect, to revere; exalted, noble; wine vessel

—to face; to respond; counterpart

—to guide, to lead, to instruct, to direct

—small, little; smallness, small things

—still; yet; rather; to esteem; to value; to revere

—lame; crippled; person with a leg disability

—to go toward; to reach; to proceed to; to accomplish

—corpse, dead body; a living person who represents the dead person during a rite

—a unit of length (“척”); a ruler or measuring stick

—a Buddhist nun; to restrain; to approach

—tail, extremity; to copulate

—urine; to urinate

—board (in games like Go or chess); bureau, office; division

—to dwell, to reside, to live; to remain, to stay

—to bend, to yield, to submit; to decline, to weaken

—house; dwelling; building

—to unfold, spread out, extend, display

—folding screen, screen wall, partition; to cover, to shield

—to tread; to step upon; footwear or shoes

—to belong to, to connect, to attach, to be affiliated with; a group, category, or kinship

—left hand; to sprout

—mountain; grave

—a forked road, point of division

—great mountain; high peak

—riverbank, cliff, high place

—a hill; a raised mound; a prominent ascent

—mountain peak, summit, ridge crest

—island, islet, or landmass surrounded by water

—mountain gorge, ravine, valley

—high, lofty; to elevate, to revere, to respect

—to collapse; to crumble; to fall

—mountain pass, ridge, or summit

—island; islet

—rock; cliff; crag; massive stone

—a stream where water flows, river, brook

—river, stream

—island in a river, sandbank; settlement, district; province, prefecture

—to go around; to patrol; to make a circuit; to inspect

—nest; bird’s dwelling

—master craftsman, master artisan; tool; to make, to build

—left side; to assist, support

—big; large; great; immense

—to differ, to dispatch, to recover; uneven, irregular

—self, ego; body

—gentle, yielding, compliant

—towel; cloth

—marketplace, market; city, town (administrative unit); trading, commerce, business activity

—cloth; textile; linen

—to wish, to hope; rare

—supreme ruler, emperor; deity; high priest

—teacher, master, guide; army, troops

—seat, mat, place to sit

—curtain; tent; canopy; screen; account book; register

—belt, band, zone; to carry, to bring along

—constant, always, regular; enduring, proper

—a scroll painting; hanging scroll; portrait

—curtain, screen, tent

—flag; banner; standard

—shield; dry; to violate; to interfere

—flat, level, even, calm, balanced

—year; age; annual cycle

—good fortune, luck

—trunk, stem; main part, essential, to manage

—tiny, minute, young, or something like that

—illusion; apparition; phantom

—young; childish; tender; to cherish or love

—quiet; secluded; deep; hidden; dim; profound

—how many, how much; a few; almost, nearly

—house built to depend on a cliff; wide

—bed, couch, platform

—order, sequence, preface; arrangement

—bottom; base; underside

—shop, store, inn, stall

—government office, administrative bureau, residence, storehouse

—law, rule, standard, measure, degree

—seat, place, position

—storehouse, warehouse; treasury, arsenal

—courtyard, garden; household

—to be peaceful, healthy, without trouble; well-being

—upright; honest; incorruptible; frugal; modest

—corridor, veranda, annex building, gallery

—enclosure, circumference, outer wall; vast, wide

—a shop; a market stall; a place of business

—to discard; to abolish; to set aside; to collapse

—broad, wide, spacious; to expand, to extend; extensive; empty, vas

—hall; government office; public building

—to stride, going a long distance

—to extend, to prolong, to delay, to put off

—to build; to erect; to construct; to establish

—to turn, to revolve, to circle around; to detour

—to hold up with both hands

—to play with, to handle, to jest, to tease

—corruption; abuse; defect; exhaustion

—a stake, a wooden post

—law, method, form, style; ceremony

—bow (for shooting arrows)

—to mourn; to condole; to express sympathy; to visit or reach; to pity

—to pull, to draw, to attract

—to loosen, to slacken, to relax; to neglect

—younger brother; junior

—bowstring, string of a musical instrument

—weak, feeble, frail

—to stretch, to expand, to display, to open, to spread

—strong, powerful, forceful

—strong, powerful, forceful; to compel, to coerce

—bullet; projectile; to shoot; to flick

—pig head/snout

—shape; form; figure

—to carve; to engrave; to sculpt; to ornament; refined or elaborate

—graceful; refined; cultivated

—shadow, silhouette, reflection

—to walk a little, to take small steps

—to employ, service, duty, military conscription

—to go; to march; to attack; to conquer

—law, regulation, rule; rhythm, tone (in music)

—behind, after, later, to follow

—group, followers, disciple, pedestrian

—to obtain, to get, to gain, to acquire; to achieve, to be able to

—to follow, to comply with, to obey

—to return, to restore, to recover; again, once more

—small, minute, little; hidden

—to summon, to requisition, to levy, to demand

—virtue, moral excellence, benevolence

—thorough; exhaustive; to penetrate

—heart, mind; center, core

—certainly, surely, inevitably, without fail

—to avoid, to shun, to abhor; taboo; dislike or fear

—to endure, to bear, to suffer

—intention, will, aspiration

—loyalty, devotion, faithfullness

—to be fast, pleasant, or cheerful

—to think, to remember, to reflect

—anger, indignation, wrath; to become enraged

—to get angry, to rage; anger, wrath, fury; to scold, to rebuke.

—clever; bright; sharp; intelligent

—to think, to reflect, to long fo

—joyful; pleased; calm and contented in heart

—urgent, hasty; to rush, to press, to be anxious

—nature; character; gender

—to resent; to bear a grudge

—to be afraid, to fear

—constant; regular; perpetual; always; unchanging; lasting

—fear, dread, to be afraid

—constant, unchanging, lasting; to extend, to pervade

—broad; vast; expansive; open-minded; to recover or restore

—to pity, to feel compassion; to console, to comfort; to relieve,

—resentment, deep regret, rancor; to regret, to repent

—grace, favor, benevolence, kindness

—to breathe, to rest, to live

—just; exactly; appropriate; suitable

—to repent, to regret, to feel remorse

—to be sad, sorrowful, grieved

—stifled, suffocated, depressed, bored

—feeling; emotion; sentiment

—to be deluded; to be confused; to be misled; to tempt; to deceive

—kindness, benevolence, grace, favor

—evil, bad, wicked; to hate, to detest

—to think, to consider, to imagine, to long for

—to fear, to be anxious, to feel dread or awe

—sorrow, anxiety, melancholy, worry, to grieve

—intention, meaning, thought, idea, will

—foolish, stupid, ignorant

—love, affection; to cherish, to value

—to feel; to sense

—affection, kindness, benevolence; maternal love

—form, appearance, manner; condition, state; attitude, demeanor

—to be flustered, to panic, to be bewildered or in confusion; to be hurried, pressed, in a rush

—tragic, miserable, wretched; cruel, harsh; grievous, disastrous

—habit, custom; to be accustomed, to get used to; familiarity

—wisdom, intelligence, sagacity; keen insight

—to comfort; to console; to soothe; to reassure; to calm

—joyous occasion, celebration, festivity

—desire, craving, greed; to covet, to long for

—sorrow, worry, grief, concern

—to be indignant, resentful, angry

—to yearn for; to long for

—to awaken; to realize; to long for

—law; regulation

—to think of; to recall; to remember; to recollect

—to regret; to feel remorse; to be sorry

—earnest; sincere; heartfelt; cordial

—to respond, to answer, to comply, to react, to accord

—to discipline; to punish; to warn; to take as a lesson

—to hang, to suspend, to be pending

—to long for, to yearn, to love passionately

—dagger-axe; spear (an ancient Chinese weapon similar to a halberd)

—to accomplish; to succeed; to become

—I, me; first-person pronoun

—to guard against, to be cautious; to warn, admonish

—perhaps, possibly, or; some; a certain one

—halberd, lance, long spear

—to kill, execute, slaughter

—battle, fight, war; to fight, to wage war; to tremble

—door, house number; house, home

—room, chamber; house, dwelling

—place, location; that which, what (nominalizer)

—to hit, to strike, to beat

—to help, assist

—to criticize, to comment; to strike, to slap; to approve, to endorse

—to receive, to bear, to undertake; to inherit, to continue, to succeed; to support, to carry

—skill, ability, technique; craft, art, workmanship

—to extract, to copy, to select, to raid

—to hold; to grasp; to take in the hand

—to press down, restrain, suppress, control

—to throw; to fling; to pitch

—to resist; to oppose; to defy; to withstand; to confront

—to break, snap, bend

—to throw; to toss; to hurl

—to resist; to oppose; to withstand; to reach; to offset; to be worth

—to wipe; to erase; to rub off

—to brush off, to shake off, to dust; to wave away, repel

—to block; to resist; to refuse; to reject

—to expand, to open up, to broaden; to print, to make a rubbing; to engrave, to carve

—to pull out, to extract, to uproot; to remove, to withdraw; to surpass, to excel

—to seize, to detain, to arrest; to restrict, to restrain, to be bound by

—to call; to summon; to invite; to beckon

—to bow, to pay respects, to worship; to salute, to pray, to visit

—to wipe, to clean, to wash away

—to pick up; to gather; to collect; to find

—to hold, to grasp, to carry; to maintain, to sustain, to persist

—to point, to indicate; finger

—to press; to push; to calm; to massage

—to raise, to provoke, to stir up; to lift, to poke; to incite

—to pinch; to squeeze between fingers; to knead; to mold

—to seize, to catch; to arrest; to capture

—palm of the hand; to hold in the hand; to manage; to govern

—to push away; to expel; to arrange in order; to line up; to reject

—to gather; to pick; to pluck

—to search, to look for; to probe, to explore

—to connect, to join; to come into contact; to receive; to engage

—to place; to set; to put down

—to lift; to raise; to carry in the hand; to bring up

—to raise, to lift up, to scatter, to soar, to praise

—to change, exchange, substitute, replace

—to grasp; to hold firmly; to seize

—to wave, to wield, to scatter; to command, to direct

—to help, to assist, to aid

—to search carefully or investigate closely

—to squeeze; to press out; to extract

—to strike; to beat; to whip; to lash

—to pick; to pluck; to take with the hand

—to rub; to stroke; to polish

—to feel; to touch; to grope with the hand

—to trace; to copy by hand

—to manage; to handle; to settle (affairs)

—to scatter; to sow; to spread; to disperse

—to strike; to hit; to beat; to attack; to collide; to knock

—to hold; to grasp; to manage; to control; conduct; integrity

—to carry, to shoulder, to bear a burden; to undertake, to take responsibility

—to hold; to seize; to rely on; to occupy

—to lift, to raise, to carry

—to lift up; to raise; to hold aloft; to act

—to enlarge, to expand; to widen, to extend; to amplify

—to grasp or pull something in order to climb

—to grasp, to hold; to govern, to administer; to absorb, to take in

—to support, to bear, to sustain; to calculate; to branch off

—to hit, strike

—to change, to correct, to reform, to revise, to amend

—to attack; to strike; to assault; to challenge

—to release, to let go, to set free; to place, to put; to emit, to radiate; to allow

—government, administration, politics; governing affairs; to govern

—cause, reason; affair, matter, circumstance; old, former

—to imitate, to emulate; effect, efficacy

—to teach, to instruct, to educate

—to rescue, to save, to relieve; to help in distress

—to be defeated, to lose, to fail; to collapse, to decay, to spoil

—to teach, to instruct, to educate

—to scatter; to disperse; to spread

—respect, reverence; to honor, to hold in esteem; solemn, careful

—to put in order; to arrange; to tidy; to correct; to repair

—to oppose, to confront; an enemy, opponent

—number, to count, to enumerate

—script, writing, letter

—spotted; mottled; variegated; streaked

—measuring vessel; horse

—to measure, to estimate; material, ingredient; fee, charge

—slanted, inclined, tilted

—to repel, drive away, reject, denounce

—new, fresh; to renew; novel, modern

—to cut off, break, sever, decide, judge

—square; direction

—to give, to bestow, to carry out, to implement

—a group of travelers; a military company; to travel; to journey; to wander

—to turn, to rotate, to return, to bend

—clan, tribe, people, kinship group

—flag, banner

—none, not exist

—already, previously, soon; “already happened” or “about to happen”

—dawn; daybreak; early morning

—meaning; intention; purport; flavor; delicacy; delicious

—early; to be early; morning

—ten days; a ten-day period

—to rise, ascend, go up

—vast sky; great heaven

—to change; to exchange; to transform

—star, celestial body, light point in the night sky

—to shine upon, to reflect, to project; to mirror

—spring (season)

—yesterday; the day before today; past, previous

—this; right, correct; to be; the copula “is”

—time, moment, season

—to advance; to promote; to go forward

—daytime, daylight, noon

—late; to be late; evening

—broad, universal, widespread, general, to extend everywhere

—sunlight, rays of the sun; scenery, view

—brightness, clarity; crystal, quartz; brilliance, radiance

—wisdom, intelligence, knowledge

—dark; dim; hidden; secret; obscure

—fierce; violent; sudden; cruel; to expose; to burst forth

—calendar; almanac; chronology

—to shine, to illuminate; day of the week

—empty, vast, open; bright, clear; a wide field or expanse

—to say, to speak

—to bend, curve; melody, musical piece

—to renew; to change; to correct; to improve; to repeat

—writing; text; document; book

—formerly; once; in the past; repeatedly

—to replace; to substitute

—most; the greatest; the highest degree

—to gather, to meet, to assemble

—to have; to exist; to be present

—clothes, clothing

—to look, to gaze; to hope, to expect; full moon

—morning; dynasty; court; day

—to promise, to expect, a set time; period

—tree; wood, wooden

—not, not yet; still incomplete, unfinished

—end, tip, last, final

—root, origin; basis; foundation; stem

—red, vermilion; the color of cinnabar, symbolizing life, power, and nobility

—plum tree; plum fruit; a family name (“Yi,” “Lee,” or “Ri”)

—timber, wood, material; talent, ability

—village, countryside

—to stop, to prevent, to prohibit

—the goji or wolfberry tree

—to bind, to tie, to bundle; to restrain

—cup; goblet; vessel for drinking

—east, the eastern direction

—plank, board, panel

—to split, to divide, to separate; to analyze, to distinguish; to break apart

—forest, grove, woods

—single, piece, stem

—fruit; result, outcome; decisive, resolute

—branch, twig; offshoot; to divide, to branch out

—rack; stand; prop; frame; framework

—handle; shaft; grip; authority; control

—someone; a certain person; anonymous reference

—soft; gentle; pliant; yielding; mild

—to examine, inspect, investigate; to check

—pillar, post, column; to support, to hold up

—to investigate, to examine, to check, to look into

—school; to compare, correct

—oak; quercus tree; a kind of oak tree

—stump, rootstock, tree trunk

—seed, kernel, core, nucleus

—root; foundation, basis; origin, cause; to take root

—form, standard, rule; style, pattern

—table, desk; plan, proposal; to think, to consider

—bucket; tub; barrel; cask; wooden container

—plum blossom; plum tree (Prunus mume)

—branch, twig; item

—to abandon; to discard; to give up; to throw away

—board game; chess; Go

—ridgepole; the main beam of a house

—forest, woods, grove; dense, thick

—a kind of tree; wood for fuel; hemp rod

—coffin; casket

—to plant, to set up, to grow

—sweetgum tree (Liquidambar formosana); maple tree

—work, occupation, profession, task; business, enterprise; learning, studies; karma (in Buddhist context)

—to the utmost, to exhaust, extreme, ultimate, end, utmost point

—notice board; public announcement

—flower; glory, honor; prosperity, flourishing

—pomegranate tree; pomegranate fruit

—to join, to put together; to build, to construct

—spear; lance, firearm

—roughly, generally, on the whole; outline, broad measure

—music, song; joy, pleasure, delight; to like, to enjoy

—fence; enclosure; paling

—to mark, to indicate; a sign, a standard; a high branch or treetop

—hinge; pivot; axis

—to model after, to copy, to form; pattern, model, style, mold

—form, appearance, shape; manner, pattern

—tree; to plant, to set up, to establish

—tangerine; mandarin orange; citrus tree

—loom, mechanism, device

—horizontal; across, sideways

—to inspect, to examine, to investigate, to seal

—railing, balustrade; section/column

—weight, balance weight; authority, power, influence; rights

—wardrobe; cupboard; chest; cabinet

—yawn; deficiency

—second; next

—to desire, to want, to wish

—to deceive; to cheat; to mislead

—item, clause, entry; section, style, kind; sincerity, earnestness; sum of money

—song, singing, music; chant, ode

—to sigh; to lament

—to beat, strike; Europe

—joyful, glad, delighted; to rejoice

—to stop, to cease, to halt

—correct; upright; proper

—this; this one; these

—a step, pace, gait

—martial, military, warrior, valor; to fight

—age (counter); year (about age)

—to pass through, to go through, to experience

—to return, to go back, to come back

—bare bones, the bones remaining after the meat has been cut away; bad

—death; to die

—calamity, disaster, misfortune.

—to differ; to be special; to be exceptional; to distinct; to separate

—to increase, to reproduce; to breed, to reproduce

—to die, perish; to fall, collapse

—to enshroud or dress the body of the deceased in burial garments; to prepare the corpse for interment

—shu (an ancient Chinese weapon), a spear without a blade, a club

—section, step, stage, rank; stair, gradation.

—to kill; to slay; to destroy

—shell, husk; outer covering, casing

—palace hall, main pavilion, large official building

—firm; resolute; steadfast; brave

—do not, don't, do not do, do not eat

—every, each; always

—poison, toxin; to harm, to be venomous or cruel

—to compare; to be side by side; to cling; to conspire; to connect

—lineage; surname; clan

—people, populace, commoners, citizens

—energy; air; vital force

—breath, air, energy, vital force; spirit, vigor, atmosphere

—ice, frozen water, frost

—long, eternal, everlasting

—juice; sap; extract; broth

—to seek, to request, to strive for; to beg, to ask

—river, great river

—to wash away; to rinse; to filter, purge

—to decide; to determine; to judge

—steam, vapor; gas, fumes

—to sink; to submerge; to go down

—to sink; to submerge; to drown; to vanish; to die; not, none

—sand, grit; sandy shore or beach

—to block, to hinder, to obstruct; to discourage, to frustrate

—river; flowing water

—oil, grease, fat

—to govern, to rule; to cure, to treat (illness); to control, to regulate; to punish

—situation, condition; state of affairs; furthermore, let alone

—spring, fountain, source of water

—to anchor; to moor; to stay temporarily; to rest beside water

—law, rule, method, principle

—bubble; foam; froth

—wave, ripple, flow; undulation

—to pour, to flow, to irrigate; to focus, to concentrate

—ocean, vast sea

—weir; dam; water barrier; to flow gently; to seep or percolate

—to wash, sprinkle, scatter water; purify

—to wash, cleanse, rinse

—riverbank; water’s edge

—valley, hollow, cave; village, settlement

—ferry, ford, crossing point in a river; sap, liquid

—vast, great, immense; flood, deluge

—sandbank, islet, shoal; river islet

—to live, to be alive; lively, active; flowing, moving; fresh

—branch, stream; faction

—to flow, to circulate, to drift; to spread, to diffuse

—vast; wide; extensive; grand; great

—wave, surf, flow, to drift

—to soak; to sit in water (or liquid)

—name of the Jing River; to flow, to pass through

—to disappear, to vanish; to reduce, to eliminate

—to cross (a river or body of water); to step through; to wade through

—to spring forth, to gush, to well up, to surge

—liquid, fluid; juice

—clean; pure; clear

—to sink; to fall into; to be submerged

—excessive, overindulgent; licentious, lustful; unrestrained, corrupt

—deep; profound

—clear, pure, clean, fresh

—to add; to increase; to supplement

—to lessen; to reduce; to subtract

—to cross; to ferry, to carry across; to pass through, to overcome

—whirlpool; vortex; swirl; eddy

—the name of the Wei River

—harbor, port

—to boil; soup or broth; bathwater

—origin, source, root; spring of water; cause, foundation

—standard, criterion, norm; to match, to be equal to; water level, plumb line

—creek; brook; stream

—warm, mild, temperate

—to extinguish, to perish, to annihilate

—smooth; slippery; glib; humorous; cunning

—to be blocked, delayed

—full, filled; to fill, to satisfy; abundance, satisfaction

—to fish, to catch fish; to angle, to gather aquatic life

—to drift, to float; to wander, to move about; to wash, to rinse (as in laundry)

—lacquer; varnish; the sap of the lacquer tree

—to spread out, to extend; to perform, to act; to explain, to expound; to evolve, to develop

—vast, boundless; desolate, silent; desert

—Sino-, China

—ripple, small wave, faint undulation on water

—scatter, overflow, freely

—gradually, by degrees, little by little, to advance slowly

—to splash; to scatter water; to throw liquid

—to moisten; to enrich; to make smooth

—pond, marsh, swamp; moist, damp, glistening; benefit, favor, grace

—sediment; dregs; deposit

—to agitate; to excite; to arouse; to impel; intense; violent; passionate

—to cross (a river or water); to aid; to rescue; to save; to help others

—moat; defensive water trench around a castle or city

—wave, billow, surging water

—to overflow; to flood; to spill over

—bay, gulf, bend in a river

—disaster, calamity, catastrophe; fire, conflagration

—flame, blaze, fire

—charcoal, coal, carbon

—fierce, intense, violent; strong, severe, vehement; ardent, passionate

—to not have, none, nothing

—to burn, to scorch

—so; thus; in that way

—to simmer, to decoct, to fry

—to shine, to illuminate, to reflect; to take a photograph; to compare, to refer to

—to extinguish; to cease; to subside

—to be cooked, ripe, done; to ripen, mature; to be skilled, practiced, familiar

—hot, warm; heat, fever

—lamp, lantern, light

—to manage, to operate, to run; camp, barracks

—to dry up, to become dry; to parch, to wither

—to explode; to burst; to erupt; to blaze up; to detonate

—to light a fire, to cook, to burn fuel

—to contend, struggle, quarrel; to compete, vie for; to argue, dispute

—to do, to act; to become, to turn into; for the sake of, on behalf of

—rank, title of nobility, official post

—father; elder member of the family

—to interweave, to cross

—a piece of split wood

—wall; fence; barrier; partition

—thin/small piece; flake; fragment

—a printing block; a board; a plate; an edition; a copy

—tablet; plate; signboard; label; card; badge

—molar; cheek tooth, wisdom tooth

—a surname Mo; barley; to moo (sound of a cow)

—thing, object, matter; “something, stuff” in general usage

—sacrificial animal; offering; victim; livestock used in ritual

—special, exceptional, distinguished

—to pull, to lead

—sacrifice; offering; to sacrifice for a higher purpose

—to commit, violate; offender, criminal; to intrude, trespass, encroach

—form, shape, appearance; document, written form

—to suspect; to guess; to be jealous, distrustful

—prison, jail; lawsuit, litigation, trial

—alone, solitary; by oneself, single, unique; lonely, isolated

—to obtain; to get; to acquire

—wild animal; beast; non-domesticated creature

—to offer, present, dedicate; to sacrifice, to devote

—deep; profound; dark; mysterious

—to lead, to command; rate, ratio, proportion

—bead jade, bead; precious thing, beautiful thing, etc

—king, ruler, sovereign

—to divide, to distribute

—beautiful jade; fine jade

—to appear, to show, to reveal; present, current, now

—ball, sphere, globe

—to manage, to govern, to regulate

—colored glass; crystal-like stone, quartz, fluorite

—zither-type string instruments of East Asia

—flaw, blemish, imperfection, defect

—colored glazed glass; crystal-like, lustrous gemstone

—ring, circle, loop; necklace, bracelet; surrounding, encircling

—imperial seal, jade seal

—melon; gourd; squash

—porcelain, ceramic ware, china, glazed pottery

—bottle; jar; vessel

—to be intense; severe; extreme

—to be born, to live; raw, uncooked

—to give birth; to produce, manufacture

—to revive, to awaken, to come back to life

—to use, to employ

—the handle or stem on top of a bell

—field, farm field

—to arise from; cause

—armor; shell; carapace; scale

—field ridge; boundary between fields

—to stay, remain, detain, keep, or stop

—to simplify; to omit; to summarize

—turn; order; sequence; number in a series

—picture, painting, to draw, to mark; to plan

—different; unusual

—proper, fitting

—to stack; to overlap; to repeat

—a pair; the leg below the knee

—to dredge, clear, open up; to state, explain

—to lean on while sick

—epidemic, contagious disease, pestilence

—blister; pustule; eruption on the skin

—fault, defect, blemish, flaw; moral failing or imperfection

—disease, rapid

—illness, disease, sickness

—to feel pain; to ache; to suffer physically or emotionally

—phlegm; mucus; sputum

—numbness, paralysis, loss of sensation; to feel dull, tingling, or insensitive

—numbness, blockage, paralysis

—paralysis; numbness

—to heal, cure, or treat illness

—cancer; malignant tumor

—epilepsy; seizure disorder

—to heal; to recover from illness, to be cured

—foolish, silly, obsessed; mad

—to be reverse; to spread or raise the feet outward

—to climb, to ascend, to go up; to mount (a platform, stage, or vehicle); to register, to record

—to shoot (an arrow), to emit, to send forth

—white, clean, clear; to explain, to report

—hundred, 100, one hundredth

—target; (possessive or attributive particle) -ive, -like, -ish, -ic, -ical, -y, kind of, sort of

—king; monarch; ruler

—to increase; to add; to profit

—to prosper; to flourish; to be full; to abound

—thief; robbery; to steal

—cup, small bowl, goblet

—an oath, to swear allegiance, covenant

—to look at, to watch, to inspect, to oversee; prison, supervision, government office

—tray, dish, basin; small dining table; disc; base; to surround

—straight; upright, correct; honest

—each other, mutual; basis, foundation

—shield; to defend; to avoid, to hide

—to examine, to reflect; to omit, to economize

—to look, to see, to watch, to observe, to guard

—true, genuine, real

—the eye; vision; perception; viewpoint

—to attach, to put on, to arrive, to touch, to be affected by

—to supervise, to oversee, to direct, to command

—to deceive; to cheat; to hide the truth

—to blink the eyes, instant, moment

—to rise upright, to tower high; to stand tall and straight; to grow thick or dense

—spear, lance

—to know, to inform

—sand, grit; fine gravel

—cannon; artillery; explosive shell; firework

—to break, to destroy, to shatter; to defeat

—to grind, polish, sharpen; to study diligently

—to be hard, solid, firm

—the board game of Go

—to hinder, obstruct, be an obstacle

—stele, monument stone, inscribed pillar, memorial tablet

—firm, solid, certain, sure, clear

—agate (in older usage); yard (unit); number; code; mark; size

—magnet, magnetic stone

—large flat rock, huge boulder, bedrock

—to grind; to polish; to rub; to wear down

—cornerstone; foundation stone, base

—to hinder, to obstruct, to be an obstacle; to be blocked, to be impeded

—to show, to display, to demonstrate, to reveal, to indicate, to exhibit

—to gather, community, society

—ancestral sacrifice; ritual offering; to make an offering to gods or ancestors

—to pray, to implore, to entreat

—blessing; happiness; welfare; good fortune

—to hide, to conceal, secret

—grandfather; ancestor

—to pray; to wish, to invoke blessings; to congratulate

—spirit, deity, divine being

—auspicious; fortunate; blessed

—slip of paper, ticket, ballot, vote

—to make offerings to; to sacrifice to; to worship; feast

—reward, salary, stipend, blessing

—to forbid, to prohibit, to ban

—blessing; good fortune; happiness

—ritual, ceremony; propriety, etiquette

—to pray; to implore, to offer supplication (esp. to the divine)

—animal footprint

—grain; cereal

—excellent, outstanding; to sprout, to flourish

—private; personal; selfish; family; unofficial.

—autumn; fall

—subject, section, department

—a unit of time equal to one second; originally, a young sprout of grain

—to hide; to conceal; secret

—surname Jin (Qin); the State and later Empire of Qin

—order, sequence, arrangement; official post

—to move, shift, transfer, change, transplant

—tax; duty; levy

—limit, degree; extent; journey; process; about

—young; immature; childlike

—to report (to a superior), to submit, to inform

—seed, kind, type; to plant; to cultivate

—to name, to call, to weigh, to praise, to be suitable

—grain; cereals; crops

—to pile up; to accumulate, to amass; quantity, sum

—to harvest, to reap, to gather

—to investigate, to research, to study; to examine thoroughly

—empty, void, vacant; sky, space

—sudden, abrupt; to dash forward, to rush out; to collide, bump into

—to block; to be stopped up

—window, opening in a wall

—cave, hole, grotto, cavern

—to exhaust, to reach the end; to be destitute; to be impoverished

—to flee, to escape; to banish, to expel

—to stand; to make erect; to establish

—to stand side by side; to be parallel; to be together; to unite

—finally; at last; in the end; to finish; to complete; to exhaust

—writing, text, composition; section, chapter; insignia, badge

—child, youth

—end; extremity; clue; aspect; uprightness

—to compete, to vie, to contend

—a court tablet or baton, held by officials during formal audiences to record or recite state affairs

—smile, laugh

—tally; symbol; token; sign

—order; sequence; rank; position; grade; prefix for ordinal numbers

—writing brush; pen

—group; class, rank, order; equal; etc., and so on

—tendon, sinew, muscle

—tube; pipe; cylinder; bamboo tube

—to answer, to reply, response; solution

—plan; scheme; device; strategy

—individual, piece, item

—to calculate, to count, to reckon; plan, scheme

—pipe, tube; to manage, to control; to be responsible for, to guarantee

—box; chest; case; trunk; container

—joint, node; section, festival; to economize, to be temperate

—pattern, law, norm, model, standard

—book, chapter, section

—to build, to pile up

—bamboo slip; letter; document; simplicity; to select; to be simple or concise

—register; record; official document

—a lottery slip; divination lot

—to cry out loudly, to appeal, to call out; to invoke, to implore

—powder; flour; cosmetic powder

—grain, particle, granule, small unit

—porridge, gruel, boiled rice; (archaic) to sell or trade

—refined, pure, essence

—sugar; candy; sweets

—provisions, grain, food supply; rations

—thin silk; fine thread

—to tie, fasten, connect, relate

—head rope, cord, thread; guiding principle, rule, order

—to tie, to bind, to promise, to arrange; approximately; to reduce (in fractions)

—red; crimson; scarlet; bright-colored

—to receive, to accept, to admit, to submit, to pay (tribute/tax), to enjoy

—to tie, bind, fasten; knot, cord, string

—pure, genuine, unadulterated; simple, unmixed; sincere, wholehearted

—paper, writing material

—to be in disorder; tangled; confused; to scatter; to be chaotic

—originally, fundamental, basis; plain; white

—purple, violet; the color of dignity, nobility, or spirituality

—repeatedly; again and again; over and over

—fine, thin, detailed, minute; to be slender, delicate

—to finish, to end, to conclude

—string (of a musical instrument), chord; thread/line

—to weave, to form, to organize; group, unit

—to tie, to bind, to conclude

—to cut off, to sever, to come to an end

—to give; to supply; to provide

—to lead, to command, to govern, to unify; system, lineage, connection

—to cut off, to sever, to end; absolutely

—silk, silk cloth; fine woven textile

—to pass through, to undergo, warp thread (vertical thread in weaving); scripture, classic, principle

—to gather together, to weave, to sum up, to integrate

—green; verdant; fresh; glossy

—cord, warp thread, binding; to maintain

—main rope or cord of a net; guiding principle, essential outline

—a net; a mesh

—cotton, soft, continuous; to extend unbroken

—tight; taut; firm; close; urgent

—scarlet silk; crimson; bright red cloth

—clue; beginning, origin; thread end; state of mind

—line, thread, wire, connection

—silk; satin; fine woven cloth

—connection, fate, relationship (esp. karmic bond); cause, edge, margi

—to weave; to compile; to arrange; to organize; to edit

—slow; not rapid; loose; slack; relaxed

—weft thread; ordering, regulating; latitude (in geography); pattern, principle

—to practice, to train; to drill, to temper

—to tie; to bind; to fasten

—to shrink; to shorten; to contract; to draw in; to reduce

—vertical, lengthwise, to let loose, to indulge, to allow at will; to stretch, to extend, to release

—all, to gather, to put together, to oversee, to sum up; to command, to supervise

—weaving, spinning, to make cloth; achievement, merit, accomplishment

—to flourish, to prosper; to be numerous, luxuriant, complicated; rope of a boat

—to weave; to knit; banner, flag (esp. military flag)

—to embroider

—picture; painting; embroidery; depiction

—to unravel, to investigate thoroughly, to set out in order, to follow in succession

—to continue, to maintain, to succeed, to inherit

—to connect, to link, to continue, to be joined

—to wind; to entangle; to bind; to wrap around

—level; grade; class/rank

—earthen jar; large pot; vat; basin

—to lack; to be missing; to be incomplete; deficiency; vacancy

—jar, pot, large earthenware or metal container; vessel, can

—crime; fault; wrongdoing; sin

—to put, to place, to set down

—to punish, to penalize

—office, bureau, government agency; to sign one’s name

—to spread, to arrange in order; to display; net

—beauty; beautiful

—righteousness, justice, meaning

—feather, wing

—an old man; elder; father; patriarch

—to learn, to study, to practice; habit, custom

—to fly, to turn over, to flip, to translate, to double

—to think, to consider, to reflect

—person; one who …

—to connect, to link

—to endure, to bear, to withstand; to be resistant

—handle of plow

—to consume; to use up; to waste

—holy, saint, sacred

—to hear; to listen; to smell

—to connect, link, join, unite; coupled, in association

—keen of hearing; intelligent; perceptive; wise

—sound, voice, music, song

—duty, office, post, occupation

—to hear; to listen; to heed; to obey

—writing brush, paint brush

—limb, arm or leg

—fat, suet, grease, fatty tissue

—to approve; to consent; to be willing

—to raise, to nurture, to bring up, to foster

—back (of the body), to turn one’s back, behind, to carry on the back; to recite, to memorize

—womb; embryo; fetus

—womb, placenta, membrane; cell (in biology)

—foreign tribes; careless; why; beard; surname Ho

—to be able, to be capable, to have the ability

—fat, grease, oil, bodily lipid

—pulse, heartbeat; vein, artery; watercourse, stream

—to swell; to become distended; to bulge

—kidneys; renal system

—to rot; to decay; to decompose; to perish

—intestines; bowels

—skin, surface of the body; flesh

—membrane; thin film; layer

—animal glue; gelatin; adhesive substance

—the vagina; the female genital canal

—to swell; to expand; to bulge

—food, meal, to eat; to offer food, to prepare food

—chest; breast; bosom

—gallbladder; courage; inner strength; heart; mind

—sliced raw meat or fish

—navel, belly button

—internal organs

—minister, subject, one who serves

—to face, to overlook, to appear, to be present, to preside over; temporary, provisional

—self, oneself

—to reach; to arrive

—to reach, to attain, to deliver, to convey

—platform; stand; terrace

—to pound, to crush, to stamp

—to give, to offer, to participate with, to be together with, to associate; to and (conjunction)

—to rise, to prosper, to rouse; excitement, pleasure, interest

—old, ancient; former, previous

—house, dwelling; lodging, inn; to reside, to dwell

—to be opposed to; to be contrary to; to deviate from; to be disordered; to go astray

—ship, boat; to sail, to navigate; to fly

—kind, type, manner; general, common

—boat, ship, vessel

—large ship; warship; naval vessel

—one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦

—good, virtuous, kind, fine

—a kind of fragrant herb (Lithospermum erythrorhizon)

—bud; shoot; sprout

—truly; indeed; only; merely

—to be like; to resemble; if; as though

—suffering, pain

—flower, corolla (the petals of a flower); outstanding, excellent

—tea; tea plant (Camellia sinensis); tea leaves

—grass; herb; weeds; draft

—to carry; to bear; to shoulder; to undertake responsibility; lotus

—Jasmine; the jasmine plant

—not; none; nothing; do not; to prohibit

—chrysanthemum

—vegetables, greens, edible plants

—has no independent common meaning in modern usage

—flower, to blossom; to shine, splendid, magnificent

—ten thousand, 10.000, ten-thousandth

—to fall, to drop, to let fall

—to appear; to become manifest

—arrowroot, kudzu

—to supervise; to direct; to oversee

—to bury; to inter a corpse; to conduct funeral rites

—spring onion; scallion; leek; green; verdant

—dark, dim, ignorant, foolish

—blue-green, azure, verdant

—to store; to accumulate; to amass; to preserve

—lotus, water lily

—to despise; to look down upon

—name of a place, especially Ulsan (蔚山) in Korea; mugwort / wormwood; to flourish, luxuriant growth

—vegetables, greens, edible herbs

—to multiply, to flourish, to grow thickly; (literary) luxuriant, lush

—dissipated, profligate; wander

—used in phonetic transcriptions of foreign names and loanwords; bodhisattva

—indigo plant; indigo dye; blue color

—to hide, to conceal; to store, to preserve; a repository, treasury, storehouse

—skill, craft, art; talent, cultivated ability

—medicine, drug, remedy

—aquatic plants; algae

—to revive, to come back to life; resurrection, revival

—tiger; pattern of tiger fur

—cruel; harsh; brutal; tyrannical; oppressive

—to dwell, to reside, to deal with; place, location

—empty; void; false; vain; hollow

—to capture, to take prisoner; captive, prisoner; barbarian

—name, title, designation; to call; to cry out

—honey; sweet; beeswax

—to melt, to fuse, to blend together; to reconcile; to integrate

—conch, snail shell, spiral shellfish

—barbarian; uncivilized

—multitude, crowd, mass of people

—to go, to walk, to perform; rank; lineage (항렬)

—art, skill, technique; method, way

—street, road, thoroughfare; neighborhood, block

—to guard, to protect, to defend; to safeguard, to preserve

—to strike; to rush; to collide

—cross yoke (of an ox, in carriage, etc.)

—clothes, clothing; garment

—outside, surface, to show

—to decline; to weaken; to withe

—to wear, to cover oneself with, garment, quilt

—to cut cloth, to tailor; to decide, to judge, to govern

—to tear, to split apart, to rip open; to divide or fracture

—inside, interior, inner part, within

—descendant, posterity, offspring

—abundant, ample, wealthy; prosperous, generous, lenient

—skirt; petticoat

—to mend, to patch, to repair; to supply, to replenish, to make up for

—to adorn; to decorate; attire, clothing, outfit; to pack, to wrap; to load, to carry

—inside, interior, inner part, within

—naked; bare; uncovered; unclothed

—to make, to produce, to manufacture, to prepare, to tailor

—to overlap, to repeat, to restore, to compound

—brown color; coarse hemp cloth

—baby wrap; swaddling cloth; wrapping garment

—to attack suddenly; to inherit or follow; to cover; to don; to pervade

—to cover, something that covers an object

—west; the western direction

—important, essential, necessary

—to see, to view, to look; to behold, to pay respects

—rule, law, regulation; compass (drawing tool); to plan, to scheme

—to see, to look at; to observe

—to be close, intimate; relatives, parents; direct, personal

—to realize, to perceive; to awaken, to reveal

—to look, to observe, to behold, inspect

—to see; to observe; to view

—to untie, to loosen; to solve, to explain, to understand

—to touch; to come into contact with

—word, speech

—to correct; to rectify; to set right; to order; subscribe

—count; calculation

—to ask; to inquire; to question

—to teach, to instruct

—to entrust; to request; to rely on

—to record, to note down, to remember; record, account, chronicle

—to be false; to be incorrect; mistaken

—to stammer; to speak slowly or haltingly; to be inarticulate

—to look for, to seek; to visit; to ask, to inquire

—to permit; to approve; to allow

—to appeal; to complain; to bring a lawsuit

—medical examination; to diagnose

—to annotate; to comment

—an imperial edict, decree

—words, lyrics, text

—to test, to try, to examine

—poem, poetry; verse

—speech, story, to speak

—to be proper, to correspond, to include; auxiliary verb meaning “should, ought to.”

—detailed, complete, thorough

—to record; to write down; to mark; to chronicle

—to know, to recognize; to acknowledge, to admit

—to swear, to vow, to pledge

—to give birth, to be born; false, untrue

—to entice, to lead, to induce

—speech, words, language; to speak

—sincerity, wholeheartedness

—to warn, to admonish, to caution, to guard against

—to make a mistake, to be wrong, to be incorrect

—to recite; to chant; to intone; to read aloud

—opinion, view; rumour

—to study; course, lesson

—affection, friendship, righteousness

—to harmonize, to adjust, to regulate; tune, melody

—speech; conversation; discussion

—to request, to ask, to invite; to call upon, to report, to inform politely.

—to discuss, to state; to express an opinion

—to spy; to inquire secretly; to report secretly; spy, secret agent

—all, various, every

—to consent; to agree; to give permission; to promise

—to plan; to scheme; to plot; strategy; counsel; deliberation

—to say; to call; to name; to mean; to tell; to be called

—to be humble, modest

—to recite, to study, to explain, to lecture

—to thank, to express gratitude; to decline, to refuse

—to be mistaken, to mislead; falsehood

—evidence, proof, verification; to prove, to testify, to confirm truth

—to know, to recognize, to record; flag, banner

—genealogical record, family register; musical score, notation; list, register, catalog

—to alert, to warn, to caution; to admonish, to awaken, to make aware

—to compare; to liken; to illustrate by analogy

—to translate, to interpret

—to discuss, to deliberate, to debate; consultation; assembly, council

—to assist, to protect, to safeguard, to defend, to shelter

—to change, to transform; upheaval

—to yield; to concede; to defer

—valley, gorge

—bean, soybean

—elephant; form, shape, image

—heroic; grand; magnificent; noble

—beforehand, in advance

—leopard; panther

—appearance, face, features, expression

—clam, shell, shellfish

—upright; chaste; virtuous

—to bear; to carry on the back; to take on a burden

—wealth, property

—goods, wealth, money, property, commodities

—to deal in; to trade in; to traffic

—to thread through, to pierce, to penetrate, to connect

—to reproach, to demand

—to store; to accumulate; to keep; to deposit; to save

—to lease; to rent

—noble, precious, valuable, esteemed, costly

—to buy; to purchase

—to lend; to grant

—to spend, to use up; expense, cost, fee; consumption, expenditure

—to stick; to paste; to attach; to post; to give an allowance; to be affectionate

—wages; pay; fee; rent; hire; price for labor

—wealth, capital, resources

—to give (from a superior to an inferior); to bestow; to grant; to reward

—reward, prize, award; to grant a reward; to appreciate, to enjoy

—to be virtuous, to be wise, to be worthy

—lowly, base, humble; to despise

—substance, quality, nature, essence

—to rely on; to depend upon; to trust

—to give; to present; to bestow

—to redeem; to ransom; to buy back

—red; to be red

—to rise; to get up; to stand

—to leap over, to surpass, to go beyond

—to go over, to cross, to surpass, to overtake

—interest; delight

—to be distant, distance; spur on a bird’s leg, toenail/cockspur thorn

—footprint, trace; remains

—road, path, way

—to step on; to tread; to walk; to trample; to press down

—to step on, to tread, to practice, to put into effect

—to trample; to step on; to crush underfoot

—trace; footprint; mark; remains

—footprint, trace, track

—to trample; to tread upon; to oppress; to violate

—cart, vehicle, wagon; wheele

—wheel track, rut; path, orbit

—army; military; troops; camp

—to compare, to contrast; to dispute; relatively, rather

—to carry; to load; to transport; to convey

—light; not heavy; to treat lightly

—vehicle; carriage; cart; wagon

—group; class; category of people

—wheel, circular object; rotation, cycle, round

—to gather, collect, compile, bring together

—to send; to transport; to carry; to deliver

—to govern; to administer; to manage

—to turn, to roll, to shift

—spicy, hot; bitter hardship

—speech, expression, wording

—peech; eloquence; to argue; to explain

—star shin, time shin; name of a star

—shame; disgrace; dishonour

—farming, agriculture

—to walk slowly, to go slowly

—to go around, to detour; distant, indirect, circuitous

—swift; fast; rapid; prompt

—to meet, to welcome; to receive (a person, guest, etc.)

—to be near, close, nearby

—to return, to give back, to come back

—Buddha’s name Ga

—to press; to compel; to urge; to oppress

—to alternate; to take turns

—to state, to narrate, to describe; to follow, to pursue; to extend, to carry out

—to be lost, to go astray, to be confused

—trace, mark, footprint; vestige, remains

—to pursue, to chase; to seek

—to retreat, to withdraw, to step back, to dismiss

—to send; to deliver; to dispatch

—to flee; to run away; to escape

—to go against, to oppose, to resist, to go contrary to

—to penetrate, to pierce, to pass through

—road, path, way

—to pass through; to communicate, to be well connected; to match in mind or intention

—to go, to depart, to pass away

—fast, quick, rapid; to hasten, to speed up

—to create; to make

—to connect, to link together; to be adjacent, to be in succession

—to go around, to turn; week

—to advance; to go forward

—to be at ease, comfortable, unrestrained; to escape, flee, run away

—finally, at last; to advance, to accomplish/achieve; to escape; to recommend; to raise/nurture; to follow; to hesitate; road, path

—to meet, to encounter, to face

—to play; to have fun; to amuse oneself; to wander, travel

—to carry, to move; fortune, luck

—widely, everywhere, pervasively; a round, a turn, a time

—to pass, to cross over, to exceed; mistake, fault; past

—road, path, way; method, doctrine, principle; to lead, to guide

—to reach; to arrive; to go through

—to be humble, modest; to yield

—distant, far away

—to suit; to fit; to be appropriate

—to be slow, sluggish; to be late, delayed

—to follow, to comply with, to observe, to abide by

—to select, to choose, to pick out

—to leave, to bequeath, to lose

—to avoid, to escape, to evade, to withdraw

—to come back, to return, to revolve, to carry out

—edge, border

—famous noodle dish

—town, district

—how, why; many, abundant

—country, capital city; feudal lord’s fief

—wrong; evil; depraved; vicious; perverse

—mound, hillock, small hill

—county; district; prefecture; administrative division

—division, section, department

—post; mail; postal service

—country home, village, countryside, township

—capital city, metropolis; all, completely, entirely

—countryside, rural area; village, township; hometown

—chicken, rooster

—to be intoxicated; to be drunk with alcohol

—to pour wine, to serve liquor; to fill cups; to ladle out

—to distribute; to pair; to match; to arrange; to assign; to marry (be matched with)

—alcohol; wine; liquor; alcoholic beverage in general

—cow’s milk; dairy products

—to repay; to recompense; to return a favor

—sour, tart; acidity

—to be drunk (with alcohol or emotion); to be captivated or absorbed

—vinegar; sour condiment made by fermentation

—medicine; doctor

—sauce or paste made of fermented beans, flour

—to distinguish; to separate; to discriminate

—to untie, to release

—village; hometown; neighbor

—quantity, measure, capacity; to measure, to weigh, to estimate

—to govern, to regulate; to make auspicious, to cut grass

—metal; iron; gold; amount of money

—cauldron, kettle, cooking pot

—needle, pin; to stitch, to pierce

—bowl, alms bowl, begging bowl, vessel

—silver; silver-colored

—gun, firearm; to shoot with a gun

—copper; bronze (alloy of copper and tin)

—to weigh; to measure; to assess

—a horse’s bit; to hold between the teeth; to bear or harbor (in the heart); rank or title

—sharp, keen, pointed; acute, eager, quick

—to spread, to lay out, to display

—to record, to document, to copy, to retain

—a metal weight; scale weight; hammer, mallet

—ingot, lump (of metal); ritual vessel with legs; silver coin, currency

—to be wrong; to mix; to be in disorder; mistake; mix-up; interlace; polish metal

—to smelt, refine metal; to temper, forge, discipline; to practice, train

—to melt or smelt metal; to fuse; to cast or mold

—chain; lock; to lock; to fasten

—to suppress, to pacify; to station troops; a garrison

—mirror, reflective surface

—bell; large bronze bell

—mirror; to reflect; to examine, to inspect

—mineral, ore

—long; leader, chief, master, person in authority; adult; to grow

—gate, door; gateway, portal

—to close; to shut; to block

—to open, to begin

—an intercalary or leap month; to insert

—interval, gap, between; time

—pavilion, tower, government cabinet, inner room

—palace gate; royal court; vacancy; absence; deficiency

—to relate; to close, bar, lock

—to defend; to prevent; to guard; to protect; to block

—adhere to, append

—to descend; to surrender

—limit; boundary; restriction

—house, courtyard, institution, official residence

—battle array, formation, camp; to set up troops

—to remove; to eliminate; to subtract; to divide; to get rid of

—shade, shadow; yin principle

—to arrange; to display; to set forth; to explain

—pottery, earthenware, ceramics; potter, ceramist

—land, dry land, continent; shore, ground, terrain

—sun, sunlight; yang principle

—group, crowd, company, squad, team

—stone steps, stair, rank

—to hold; to seize; to occupy

—boundary, edge, occasion

—to block, to hinder, to obstruct; barrier, obstacle, impediment

—to reach; to extend to

—servant; slave; subordinate

—single; one of a pair; solitary

—sparrow; by extension, a small bird

—male, hero, mighty

—pure, refined, elegant; correct, standard; noble, graceful

—to gather, collect, assemble; to concentrate, compile

—pair, couple, both, even-numbered, in twos

—mixed; miscellaneous, various; motley; disorderly

—to leave, to part, to separate; to detach, to set apart

—thunderous sound; repeated crashing of thunder

—snow; to wash away; to cleanse; purity

—zero; to fall, to rain

—lightning; electricity

—to need; to require; to demand; to wait for; to supply

—thunder; peal of thunder

—chief; overlord; hegemon

—spirit, soul, deity

—rumbling or rolling thunder

—blue, azure, green; young; calm, serene

—calm, quiet, still, peaceful

—face; countenance; side; aspect

—leather; animal hide

—shoe; leather footwear; boot

—leather, tanned leather

—Korea, the Republic of Korea; Korean people; Han surname

—chive, garlic chives

—sound, noise

—rhyme, tone; charm, lingering sound

—sound, echo, to resound

—crown of the head; topmost part

—item, heading, clause, entry

—to follow; to obey; to comply; to go along; to be smooth

—mishap; accident; trouble; disorder; illness

—to bow the head, to kneel, to prostrate; classifier (measure word) for meals, scoldings, teachings, etc.

—rather; somewhat; quite

—to lead, to command, to guide; to receive, to accept; jurisdiction

—head; top; chief; beginning

—to collapse; to crumble; to decline

—title, heading, subject

—solely, exclusively, devotedly, single-mindedly

—face; countenance; appearance

—to wish, to desire, to pray, to vow

—to topple, to forehead

—group, kind, category, class; to resemble, to be similar

—to look back, to consider

—to appear; to become visible; to manifest; to reveal

—typhoon, tropical cyclone

—flying, to fly

—to translate, to turn over, to overturn

—meal, food, rice; to eat

—to be hungry, to starve

—cooked rice; a meal; to eat a meal

—to feed; to raise; to nourish

—full (after eating); satisfied; to be fed up or sated

—to raise, to nourish

—to eat; to swallow

—to remain, to be left over; surplus; the rest

—house, building, mansion, guest hall; inn, lodging; official residence

—to covet, to crave, to be greedy; gluttonous; insatiable appetite

—famine, food shortage; time of famine or crop failure

—to starve, to be famished; famine, dearth

—to covet, to crave, to be greedy; gluttonous

—stuff into the mouth, to gobble up greedily

—fragrance; perfume; incense

—to gallop; to run swiftly; to hasten

—to contradict; to refute; to mix

—to ride (a horse); rider; cavalry

—to disturb, to be noisy, to be troubled

—test, examination; to verify, to inspect

—to be startled, to be surprised, to be alarmed; to frighten, to scare

—post station; relay station (for horses and officials in ancient times); station, stop, terminal

—body; shape; form

—high, tall; eminent

—to hang down; drooping of long hair

—to fight, to struggle

—to fight, to compete, to quarrel

—kind of ritual liquor

—ancient Chinese cooking vessel

—ghost, spirit

—demon, evil spirit; sorcery, magic

—fresh, vivid, bright; few or rare

—the phoenix (male bird of the pair 鳳凰)

—cry of bird or animal; to cry, to sound

—kite (a bird of prey, Milvus migrans); kite (the flying toy)

—male mandarin duck

—female mandarin duck

—crane (bird)

—falcon, gyrfalcon

—beautiful; elegant; graceful; splendid; bright

—barley, wheat; oats

—noodles, wheat flour, dough

—yeast; fermentation starter

—noodles; wheat flour; dough

—hemp; jute; flax

—a pennant, banner; flag, command flag

—yellow; a surname

—a dot, point, spot, or mark; to select, to indicate

—group, faction, political party, clan

—to sew; embroider; stitch fabric or clothing with a needle

—narrow-mouthed toad (a kind of frog)

—ding, cauldron; tripod pot

—nose; nasal; rhino-

—nasal blockage; stuffy nose; to speak with a nasal, congested sound

—orderly, aligned; even

—to lose a tooth, tooth falling out; a notch, a chip in the edge of a vessel or blade

—dragon, mireu; emperor

—tortoise, turtle; to crack, to split; place name

—yue (a Chinese flute)