懌

Phono-semantic compound:

心 — semantic component (“heart,” “emotion”)

睪 (yì / 역) — phonetic component

Thus the meaning relates to emotion + the sound (yì / 역).

쾌역 (快懌) — to be joyful and satisfied

희역 (喜懌) — deep joy, gladness

역심 (懌心) — a joyous heart

Note: These compounds are literary and rarely used in modern Korean except in classical/literary contexts.

懌 belongs to the 心 radical family expressing emotional states, alongside:

悅 (기쁠 열) — joy, delight

懷 (품을 회) — cherish, long for

憂 (근심 우) — sorrow, worry

懼 (두려울 구) — fear

Among these, 懌 represents a refined, interior joy, often paired with words expressing calmness.

睪 (역) is the phonetic element used in several characters with similar pronunciation:

釋 (석), also sharing "yak/ek" phonetic roots

爚 (빛날 약)

燁 (빛날 협/엽)

Classical citations:

《後漢書·蔡邕傳》 (Book of the Later Han)

「帝甚懌之。」

“The Emperor was greatly pleased by it.”

Shows 懌 used in formal historical narrative.

《文選·張衡〈東京賦〉》 (Wenxuan, Zhang Heng)

「心懌意豫。」

“The heart is gladdened and the mind at ease.”

A poetic pairing of joy (懌) + tranquility (豫).

《太平御覽》(The Taiping Yulan)

「聞之則懌。」

“Upon hearing it, one rejoices.”

Simple, declarative classical usage.