訂

Phono-semantic compound:

言 (말씀 언) — semantic: speech, words

丁 (고무래 정 / 장정 정) — phonetic element

Thus 訂 originally meant “to correct words / to set speech straight,” i.e., to rectify or settle something by words or written form.

The shift in meaning (from “rectify” to “order/reserve”) occurred mainly in Yuan–Ming dynasty Chinese.

Korean retains the older Classical meaning “to correct / to set right,” while modern Mandarin uses 訂 mainly in the sense “to order / to subscribe / to book.”

訂正 (정정) — correction

訂補 (정보) — to revise / supplement

訂立 (정립) — to establish, to set up

訂約 (정약) — to make a contract

訂婚 (정혼) — to betroth, engagement

訂明 (정명) — to clarify, to specify

訂購 (정구) — to order (goods)

《論語·子路》 (The Analects of Confucius)

「君子矜而不爭，群而不黨，訂於義。」

“The gentleman is dignified but not contentious, harmonious but not partisan, and rectifies himself according to righteousness.”

訂 = “to rectify, set in order.”

《禮記·學記》 (Book of Rites)

「訂於中則無過。」

“If one rectifies (oneself) by the Mean, there will be no error.”

訂 = “to correct / set right.”

《莊子·外物》 (Zhuangzi, External Things)

「心有所訂，則不可以適道。」

“When the mind is fixed (rigidly corrected) on something, it cannot accord with the Dao.”

訂 = “to fix / to determine.”

《史記·太史公自序》 (The Records of the Grand Historian)

「訂其謬誤。」

“To correct its mistakes.”

Classical use identical to Korean sense “to correct.”