計

A phono-semantic compound:

言 (“speech, words”) – semantic element (“to speak”)

十 (“ten; number; whole”) – semantic/phonetic element

Originally meant “to calculate” or “to tally up.” From this sense came the meanings “to consider, to measure,” and further “to devise, to plan.”

計算 (계산) — calculation; to calculate

合計 (합계) — total, sum

計略 (계략) — plan, stratagem, ruse

計劃 (계획) — plan, project, scheme

設計 (설계) — design; to design, to plan out

統計 (통계) — statistics

打算/計劃 (타산/계획) — plan, intention

In classical Chinese texts, 計 often carries the nuance of strategizing or scheming, especially in military or political contexts (e.g. 兵法 “art of war”).

In everyday modern usage, especially in Korean, the sense narrowed to more neutral ideas of “calculation” (계산) and “planning” (계획), but still retains echoes of shrewd planning (계략).