북조北朝

(history of Israel) In the biblical history of ancient Israel, this term refers to the Kingdom of Israel—the northern part of the divided monarchy that emerged after the death of King Solomon (ca. 931 BCE). It consisted of ten tribes and had its capital first in Shechem and later in Samaria. The Northern Kingdom coexisted with the Southern Kingdom (Judah) until its conquest by Assyria in 722 BCE. In theological interpretation, it symbolizes the separation and eventual downfall resulting from disobedience to God’s covenant.

(history of China) The collective name for a succession of dynasties that ruled northern China from 386 to 581 CE during the period of political division known as the Northern and Southern Dynasties (南北朝). The Northern Dynasties include the Northern Wei (北魏), Eastern Wei (東魏), Western Wei (西魏), Northern Qi (北齊), and Northern Zhou (北周). These states were founded mainly by non-Han peoples such as the Xianbei and played a crucial role in the Sinicization of northern China and the development of early medieval Chinese culture, Buddhism, and governance.