남조南朝

(history of Israel) In the biblical history of ancient Israel, this term refers to the Kingdom of Judah—the southern part of the divided monarchy that remained under the rule of the Davidic line after the separation following King Solomon’s death (ca. 931 BCE). Its capital was Jerusalem, and it consisted mainly of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The Southern Kingdom coexisted with the Northern Kingdom (Israel) until Judah’s conquest by Babylon in 586 BCE. In theological interpretation, it represents the continuation of the covenant and the lineage through which the Messianic promise was to be fulfilled.

(history of China) The collective term for the series of dynasties that ruled southern China from 420 to 589 CE during the era of division known as the Northern and Southern Dynasties (南北朝). The Southern Dynasties include the Liu Song (劉宋), Southern Qi (南齊), Liang (梁), and Chen (陳) dynasties. Centered mainly in Jiankang (modern Nanjing), they preserved and advanced Chinese culture, literature, Confucian scholarship, and Buddhism, while the north underwent political and ethnic integration. The Southern Dynasties represent the continuation of Han cultural traditions during one of China’s most vibrant yet fragmented historical periods.