Korean vocabulary list:
grammatical markers
- –An expression used to exclude other things and to limit the scope to one specific object
- 가–A postpositional particle referring to a subject under a certain state or situation, or the subject of an act
- 가다–become; turn; do something while doing something
- 가지다–An auxiliary verb used to indicate the continuation of a result, or the state of an action in the preceding statement
- 감–object
- 같이–A postpositional particle used to indicate that there are similar characteristics to the preceding statement
- 개–A bound noun that serves as a unit for counting the number of objects that are available as a single piece
- 거–there
- 거–thing
- 거–this; that; it
- 거나–A postpositional particle used to list more than two things, though whichever one chooses makes no difference
- 거니와–(old-fashioned) A connective ending used to recognize the truth of the preceding statement, while indicating there is another relevant fact
- 거리–A bound noun used to refer to things worthy of being a source for something
- 게–A postpositional particle referring to the subject that belongs to something
- 겠–An ending of a word referring to a future event or assumption
- 격–A bound noun used to indicate that something is the same as what has been previously mentioned
- 격–case
- 결–A bound noun used to refer to the time when something occurs or the time between one event and another
- 계시다–(honorific) 있다; an auxiliary verb used to indicate the continuation of the action or result of the preceding statement
- 계시다–live; be
- 고–A postpositional particle used to indicate that the preceding statement is indirectly quoted
- 고기–there; that
- 고리–that way; there
- 고자–A connective ending used when the speaker has a certain purpose, intention, hope, etc
- 곤–A connective ending used when the same event is repeated
- 과–A postpositional word used to indicate the subject of comparison or the object that serves as a basis
- 구나–(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to imply a certain feeling in a newly learned fact
- 권–volume; book
- 그냥–just
- 그녀–she; her
- 그래–A postpositional particle used when the speaker talks about what he/she says to the listener in a friendly manner
- 그래–An abbreviated word for '그리하여' (a conjugated form of '그리하다' (do so))
- 그래도–An abbreviated word for '그리하여도' (a conjugated form of '그리하다' (do so))
- 그래서–An abbreviated word for '그리하여서' (a conjugated form of '그리하다' (do so))
- 그래서–so; therefore
- 그러나–An abbreviated word for '그리하나' (a conjugated form of '그리하다' (do so))
- 그러나–but; however
- 그러니까–so; that is to say
- 그러다가–An abbreviated word for '그리하다가' (a conjugated form of '그리하다' to do so)). This is the original form of "그려다" (geurihada), and is primarily used to express a situation where one past action leads to another
- 그러면–An abbreviated word for '그리하면' (a conjugated form of '그리하다' (do so))
- 그러면–if so; then
- 그러므로–therefore; so; hence
- 그러자–An abbreviated word for '그리하자' (a conjugated form of '그리하다' (do so))
- 그런데–An abbreviated word for '그러한데' (a conjugated form of '그러하다' (be so))
- 그런데–by the way; however; but; well
- 그럼–An abbreviated word for '그리하면' (a conjugated form of '그리하다' (do so))
- 그리고–and
- 그리하여–that's how; therefore; so; hence
- 극히–greatly; extremely
- 근–about
- 근데–by the way; but; however; well
- 기에–A connective ending referring to the cause or reason of the following statement
- 긴요–(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to lightly deny or refute the listener's remark
- 까마는–An expression used to indicate that the speaker accepts the preceding statement, while possessing questions or doubts that ultimately do not affect the following statement
- 까지–A postpositional particle referring to the end of a certain range
- 까지–A postpositional particle referring to the end of a certain range
- 께–(honorific) '에게'; a postpositional particle referring to the ownership or location of an object
- 께서–(honorific) '가,' '이'; a postpositional particle used to indicate that the subject of an act is elevated
- 끼리–A suffix used to mean "only that category being together."
- 나–A postpositional particle used to choose something, though it is not satisfactory
- 나다–An auxiliary verb used when having completed the action of the preceding statement
- 내다–An auxiliary verb used when having independently completed the action of the preceding statement
- 내지–to; or
- 냐–(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending referring to a question
- 너–A pronoun used to indicate the listener when he/she is the same age or younger
- 너무–too
- 너희–you; your
- 네–yes; yes sir; yes ma'am; excuse me; sorry; I beg your pardon; please
- 네–An abbreviated word for '너의' (your)
- 네–you
- 놓다–An auxiliary verb used when having both completed the action of the preceding statement and sustained the result
- 놓다–about; on
- 느니라–(formal, highly addressee-lowering)(old-fashioned) A sentence-final ending used to teach someone a common truth or fact learned from the speaker's experience
- 는–A postpositional particle used to indicate that a certain subject contrasts with something else
- 는가–(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending referring to a question about a fact of the present
- 는답디다–(formal, moderately addressee-raising) An expression used to pass along a message or fact that the speaker heard earlier
- 는데–A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow
- 니–A postpositional particle used to list two or more things on an equal footing
- 니까–A connective ending used to emphasize that the preceding statement is the cause, reason, or premise for the following statement
- 니라–(formal, highly addressee-lowering)(old-fashioned) A sentence-final ending used to teach someone a common truth or fact learned from the speaker's experience
- 님–A bound noun to address a certain person deferentially
- 다–'completely'
- 다–A postpositional particle used to connect and list several objects
- 다–A postpositional particle used when further clarifying the meaning of the preceding statement
- 다가–A postpositional particle used when further clarifying the meaning of the preceding statement
- 다고–(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to emphatically state the speaker's thoughts or argument to the listener
- 다고–An expression used to pass along what the speaker heard from another person, or to present the subject's thoughts, opinions, etc
- 다고–A connective ending referring to the purpose or intention of a certain action, or the reason or cause of a certain situation
- 다는–An expression used to quote someone, while modifying the following noun
- 다니–(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to express a question about a certain fact that is assumed to be already given
- 다니–An expression used to indicate that the speaker is surprised or impressed by the explanation or statement heard
- 다니–(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener about what another person said
- 다니–(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to ask again or admire an unexpected fact in surprise
- 다오–(formal, moderately addressee-raising) An expression used to convey what the speaker heard from another person to the listener
- 다오–(formal, moderately addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and conveys it to the listener
- 닥치다–shut up
- 단–but
- 단지–just; but
- 달다–An auxiliary verb indicating that the listener does an action meaning the preceding statement for the speaker
- 답디다–(formal, moderately addressee-raising) An expression used to pass along a message or fact that the speaker heard earlier
- 답디다–(formal, moderately addressee-raising) An expression used to pass along the message or fact the speaker heard earlier
- 대–versus
- 대–generation
- 대–A bound noun that serves as a unit for counting the number of cars, planes, musical instruments, machines, etc
- 대다–An auxiliary verb used to indicate the repetition of an action in the preceding statement or that the level of the action is extreme
- 대로–A postpositional particle used when following what the preceding statement points to or doing something in such a way
- 대신–A word used to indicate that the following content is different from or opposite to the previous content
- 댁–you
- 더군–(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to convey a newly learned fact from a past personal experience, and indicate that the speaker notices or is impressed by it
- 더라고–(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to refer to and convey in the present a fact the speaker learned through a past experience to the listener
- 더라도–A connective ending used when assuming or recognizing the truth of the preceding statement, but implying that it is not related to or does not influence the following statement
- 더라면–A connective ending used to show regret or sadness, etc., while hypothesizing what it would be like if the past were different from the fact
- 더러–A postpositional particle used to indicate the object that is influenced by a certain action
- 던–An ending of a word that makes the preceding statement function as an adnominal phrase and implies that an event or action has not been completed in the past but has been stopped
- 던–(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to ask about the listener's personal experience of the past in a friendly manner
- 던가–(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to ask about a fact of the past
- 도무지–(not) at all; by any possibility; utterly; entirely
- 되다–be supposed to; be bound to; be scheduled to; be designed to; be required to; should; have to; need to; ought to; be allowed; be permitted; can; may
- 두다–An auxiliary verb used when doing an action in the preceding statement and continuously maintaining its result
- 드–A prefix used to mean severely or high
- 든–A postpositional particle used when it does not matter which one is chosen
- 든가–A postpositional particle used when it does not matter whichever one is chosen
- 든지–A postpositional particle used when it does not matter which one is chosen
- 들–A postpositional particle used when there are several subjects in the sentence
- 들다–An auxiliary verb used when actively doing an action in the preceding statement
- 들이–A suffix used to mean a container to hold that amount of something
- 들이-–A prefix used to mean severely, suddenly, or very much
- 디다–(formal, moderately addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker conveys and notifies someone of an event he/she experienced personally
- 따라–A postpositional particle used to mean "different from the usual for no particular reason."
- 따라–A postpositional particle used to mean "different from the usual for no particular reason."
- 땜–because; because of
- 또–once more; nevertheless; maybe; and; as well
- 또는–or
- 라–A postpositional particle used to indicate that the preceding statement was a quote
- 라고–A postpositional particle used to indicate that the preceding statement was a quote
- 라는–An expression used to quote someone while modifying the following noun
- 라도–A postpositional word used to indicate that it is not the best option but the most acceptable among many options
- 랍디다–(formal, moderately addressee-raising) An expression used to convey the message or fact the speaker heard earlier
- 랑–A postpositional particle used to indicate that something is the subject of a comparison or subject of a standard
- 래야–An expression used to indicate that the preceding statement is the requirement for the following statement
- 려–A connective ending used when one has an intention or desire of doing a certain act
- 려고–A connective ending used to indicate that one has an intention or desire of doing a certain act
- 려면–A connective ending used to assume that one has a purpose or intention of doing a certain act
- 련–(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener in a friendly manner if he/she intends to do a certain act
- 련–(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener in a friendly manner if he/she intends to accept a certain act which will be done for him/her
- 령–A suffix used to mean the territory of a country
- 령–A suffix used to mean a hill or a ridge
- 령–A suffix used to mean a law or an order
- 로–A postpositional particle that indicates the direction of a movement
- 로다–(formal, highly addressee-lowering)(old-fashioned) A sentence-final ending used to express admiration
- 로부터–A postpositional particle that indicates something is the starting point of an action or event or it is the subject that causes it
- 로서–A postpositional particle that indicates a status, position, or qualification
- 로써–A postpositional particle that indicates the material or ingredients of an object
- 롭다–A suffix that means "being so" or "deserving that" and makes the word an adjective
- 료–A suffix used to mean a fee
- 를–A postpositional particle used to indicate the subject that an act has a direct influence on
- 를 가지고–An expression used to indicate that the preceding statement is a tool, means, method, material, etc., for something
- 리라–(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker guesses a certain situation
- 마고–An expression used to convey the promise made to another person
- 마는–A postpositional particle used when accepting the preceding content while also stating a question about it, a situation that contradicts to it, etc
- 마다–A postpositional particle that means "everything without exception."
- 마리–A bound noun that serves as a unit for counting the number of animals, fish, bugs, etc
- 마저–A postpositional particle that indicates the addition of the last remaining thing to the current state or amount
- 막–act
- 만–A bound noun indicating that there is a convincing reason for the action meant by the preceding statement
- 만–A postpositional particle used when limiting the field to one thing, excluding all the others
- 만치–A postpositional particle indicating that the extents of the preceding words are similar or the same to each other
- 만치–An expression used to indicate that something is of the same quantity or level as the preceding statement
- 만큼–A postpositional particle indicating what is of a similar level or limit to the preceding words
- 만큼–An expression used to indicate that something is of the same quantity or level as the preceding statement
- 말–A bound noun that serves as a unit for measuring the volume of grain, liquid, powder, etc
- 말–mention; reference
- 매–a bound noun that serves as a unit for counting the number of papers, photos, etc
- 맹–A prefix used to mean "to an extreme degree."
- 맹–A prefix used to mean "without anything mixed up."
- 먹다–An auxiliary verb used to imply that the current situation is not satisfactory by emphasizing an action in the preceding statement
- 며–A postpositional particle that connects two or more similar objects that are written consecutively
- 면–A postpositional particle that connects two or more objects
- 면 좋겠다–An expression used to indicate the speaker's hope or wish, or the speaker's wish that the result would be different from reality
- 면서–A connective ending used when more than two actions or states happen at the same time
- 명–name
- 명–person
- 못–not
- 못하다–cannot
- 못하다–An auxiliary adjective used to indicate that the state described by the preceding words cannot be reached
- 물론–of course
- 물론–of course
- 밖에–A postpositional particle that means "except for that" or "other than that."
- 벌–A bound noun that serves as a unit for counting the number of clothes
- 보고–A postpositional particle used when something is the subject that an act has an influence on
- 보다–try; experience
- 보다–An auxiliary adjective used to indicate that the act or state mentioned in the preceding statement is guessed by or is known to the speaker, though not precisely
- 보다–A postpositional particle that indicates the subject of a comparison when comparing different things
- 빠지다–An auxiliary adjective used to indicate that the speaker is displeased because the quality or state described by the preceding words is very deteriorating or dismal
- 뿐–A postpositional particle used when there is nothing more than the content of the preceding statement or when it is only so
- 살–years old
- 서–A postpositional particle used to indicate that the preceding word refers to a place where a certain act is being done
- 서부터–A postpositional particle that indicates something is the starting point of an action or event or it is the subject that causes it
- 섬–A bound noun that serves as a unit for measuring the volume of grains, powder, liquid, etc
- 세–A bound noun that serves as a unit for counting years of age
- 셔–(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to raise the subject of the sentence, when stating or asking something to the listener
- 수–A bound noun meaning the ability to do something or the possibility that a certain event occurs
- 습니까–(formal, highly addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker asks the listener politely
- 습니다–(formal, highly addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used to explain the present action, state, or fact politely
- 쌓다–An auxiliary verb used to indicate the repetition of an action in the preceding statement or that the level of the action is extreme
- 아–A postpositional particle used to address a friend, younger person, animal, etc
- 아 가다–An expression used to indicate that the act or state mentioned in the preceding statement is continued
- 아 가지고–An expression used to indicate that the result or state of the act mentioned in the preceding statement is continued
- 아 내다–An expression used to indicate that one has finally accomplished the act mentioned in the preceding statement by oneself
- 아 오다–An expression used to indicate that the act or state mentioned in the preceding statement is continued as a certain set point of time is approaching
- 아뇨–no; no sir; no ma'am
- 아니–not; even
- 아니요–no; no sir; no ma'am
- 아야겠–An expression used to indicate a strong will for the act mentioned in the preceding statement, or to guess that doing the act may be necessary
- 아직–yet; still
- 안–not
- 알–A bound noun that serves as a unit for counting the number of small and round objects
- 알갱이–A unit for counting nuts or grains of a cereal, etc
- 았던–An expression used to recall a past incident or state, and indicate that activity related to the incident or state has been suspended, and remains incomplete
- 앞–to
- 야말로–A postpositional particle used to emphatically state something
- 양–quantity; amount
- 어 가지고–An expression used to indicate that the result or state of the act mentioned in the preceding statement is continued
- 어도–A connective ending used when assuming or recognizing the truth of the preceding statement, although it is not related to or does not influence the following statement
- 어디–all right; fine; on earth
- 어야겠-–An expression used to indicate a strong will for the act mentioned in the preceding statement, or to guess that doing the act may be necessary
- 어째서–An abbreviated word for '어찌하여서' (a conjugated form of '어찌하다')
- 어찌–why; how; at a certain angle; so much
- 얼마–what amount; what number; what price; some; some amount; some degree
- 었던–An expression used to recall a past incident or state, and indicate that the incident or state is suspended, not completed
- 에–on; in; at; to; for; due to; because of; with; against; as; according to; depending on; per; compared to; into; about; of; and; plus
- 에게–A postpositional particle that indicates whom a certain object belongs to
- 에게로–A postpositional particle used to indicate that the entity it is attached to is affected by a certain act
- 에게서–A postpositional particle referring to the entity from which a certain act originates
- 에다–A postpositional particle referring to a certain location
- 에로–A postpositional particle used to indicate the direction of the subject that an act has influence on
- 에서–A postpositional particle used to indicate that the preceding word refers to a place where a certain action is being done
- 에서부터–A postpositional particle that indicates something is the starting point of an action or event or it is the subject that causes it
- 에야–A postpositional particle used when emphasizing a certain range of time or space
- 에의–A postpositional particle used to indicate that the preceding word of a place, location, time, subject, etc., modifies the following noun
- 여–A postpositional particle used to politely address someone, usually with admiration or appeal
- 여 가지고–An expression used to indicate that the result or state of the act mentioned in the preceding statement is continued
- 여서–A connective ending used to indicate that the preceding event and the following one happened sequentially
- 여야겠–An expression used to indicate a strong will for the act mentioned in the preceding statement, or to guess that doing the act may be necessary
- 였던–An expression used to recall a past incident or state, and indicate that the incident or state is suspended, not completed
- 였었–An ending of a word used to indicate a past event that is different from the present or does not continue to the present
- 예–yes sir; yes ma'am; please
- 오다–An auxiliary verb used to indicate that the act or state mentioned in the preceding statement is continued
- 와–A postpositional particle used to indicate that something is the subject of a comparison or subject of a standard
- 요–A postpositional particle used to indicate respect for the other person, the subject who is shown respect
- 으로–A postpositional particle that indicates the direction of movement
- 으로까지–A postpositional particle used when reaching an extreme situation such as the best or the worst situation
- 으로부터–A postpositional particle that indicates something is the starting point of an action or event or it is the subject that causes it
- 으로서–A postpositional particle that indicates a status, position, or qualification
- 으로써–A postpositional particle that indicates the material or ingredients of an object
- 으면 좋겠다–An expression used to indicate the speaker's hope or wish, or the speaker's wish that the result would be different from reality
- 은–A postpositional particle used to indicate that a certain subject contrasts with something else
- 을–A postpositional particle used to indicate the subject that an action has a direct influence on
- 을 가지고–An expression used to indicate that the preceding statement is a tool, means, method, or material for something
- 을까마는–An expression used to indicate that the speaker accepts the preceding statement while possessing questions or doubts that ultimately do not affect the following statement
- 읍시다–(formal, moderately addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used to express an intention of doing a certain action together
- 의–A postpositional particle used to indicate that the referent of the following word is owned by, belongs to, is related to, originates from, or is the object of what the preceding word indicates
- 이고–A postpositional particle used to list two or more things and choose them on an equal basis
- 이나–A postpositional particle used to indicate something is being chosen though it is not satisfactory
- 이니–A postpositional particle used to list two or more things on an equal footing
- 이다–A predicate particle indicating the meaning of the attribute or category of the thing that the subject of the sentence refers to
- 이다–A postpositional particle used to connect and list several objects
- 이든지–A postpositional particle used when it does not matter which one is chosen
- 이라–A postpositional particle used when quoting something as it is
- 이라고–A postpositional particle used to indicate that one is not happy with the preceding statement
- 이라고–A postpositional particle used to indicate that the preceding statement was a quote
- 이라도–A postpositional particle used to indicate that it is not the best option but the most acceptable among many options
- 이라야–A postpositional particle used when the thing is only possible as a precondition of something
- 이란–A postpositional particle used to explain or emphasize something by specially choosing it as the topic
- 이래–An abbreviated word for '이리하여' (a conjugated form of '이리하다' (do in this way))
- 이러니–An abbreviated word for '이러하니' (a conjugated form of '이러하다' (be like this))
- 이런–An abbreviated word for '이리한' (a conjugated form of '이리하다' (do in this way))
- 이렇듯–An abbreviated word for '이러하듯' (a conjugated form of '이러하다' (be like this))
- 이를테면–so to speak; as it were; for instance
- 이며–A postpositional particle that connects two or more similar objects that are mentioned consecutively
- 이야말로–A postpositional particle used to emphatically state something
- 이야말로–just; indeed
- 인들–A postpositional particle used to admit to a certain condition but imply the possibility of a negative result
- 있다–A word used when having the preceding noun as the subject of conversation or discussion
- 있다–An auxiliary verb used to indicate the continuation of the state of the preceding statement
- 자–A bound noun used as a unit of length
- 자–person
- 자고–An expression used to indirectly convey someone's recommendation or suggestion
- 자고–An ending of a word used to indicate a purpose or intention
- 자는–An expression used to quote a remark such as a suggestion, recommendation, etc., while modifying the following noun
- 자면–An expression used to assume and indicate someone's recommendation or suggestion
- 자면–A connective ending used to assume a certain intention or thought
- 쟁이–A suffix used to mean "a person who has a lot of that quality" or "a person who usually does something."
- 저–I; me
- 저–that
- 저–that
- 저–he; she
- 저리–so; that
- 전–An abbreviated word for '저는' (I)
- 제–An abbreviated word for '저의', a combination of '저', the self-lowering form of '나', and '의.'
- 제–An abbreviated word for '적에' (when)
- 제–I; he; she
- 조–article; clause; precondition
- 조–A bound noun used to count a set of things when two or more things form such a set
- 조차–A postpositional particle to indicate an inclusion of extreme cases that are generally hard to predict
- 주기–A bound noun used to count the number of years from a person's death on the anniversary of his/her death
- 주다–A word indicating that the action indicated in the preceding statement affects or is an action for another person
- 주체–agent; subject
- 지다–An auxiliary verb used to indicate that the act mentioned in the preceding word is performed by someone other than the speaker
- 지만–A connective ending used to recognize the truth of the preceding statement and add facts that are the opposite of it or different
- 채–A bound noun that serves as a unit for counting the number of houses, buildings, etc
- 채–A bound noun used to indicate that the state of someone or something remains the same as it was
- 처럼–A postpositional particle used when something is similar or identical to something else in shape or level
- 체–A bound noun used to indicate one's attitude of making someone believe that something untrue is true, or such a state
- 총–total
- 치고–A postpositional particle used to indicate that the preceding statement is the same as the following statement without an exception
- 타–A bound noun that serves as a unit of counting things by twelve
- 하고–A postpositional particle used to indicate that something is the subject of, or a basis for, comparison
- 하고는–A postpositional particle used to indicate something that is displeasing and deserves to be criticized
- 하다–An auxiliary verb used to indicate that someone or something makes another do an action in the preceding word or falls into the state mentioned in the preceding word
- 하다–do; say
- 하며–A postpositional particle used to connect two or more similar referents that are stated consecutively
- 하물며–much less; much more
- 하지만–but; however
- 한데–by the way; but; however; though
- 한번–An adverb used to indicate that the speaker tries something